Working At T Corporate Office - 1706 Words

Working at the ATT corporate office located in Englewood, Colorado made it pretty easy to ask our Human Resource representative if she could spend a few minutes answering questions for my school project. She is a great reflection on how the employees are to work with at ATT. I learned that you have to be willing to go lateral sometimes to be able to climb the career ladder. Also learned that being union you are in a very structured environment. That made me curious of what the future is for the union and also HR. We are moving towards where a lot of employees will work from home so we have to be on top of our game with technology. Before we go into the interview let me give you a little background on ATT. At ATT, we’re bringing it all†¦show more content†¦We’re setting the standard for delivering video when, where and how customers want it. With our acquisition of DIRECTV, combined with our ATT U-verse TV service, we’re now the world’s largest pay TV provider. We have nationwide reach in the United States, plus 11 Latin American countries.( www.att.com/) At ATT in 2014 in 3rd quarter there were approximately 243,620 employees.( www.att.com/) Human Resources plays an important role on keeping the ball rolling and making sure policy and laws are properly in place. Under the Human Resource umbrella there are several different areas of focus such as: Talent acquisition- Helps to find new employees and post job openings Benefits- works with employees and are benefit partners Labor Relations- Works closely with the Union Human Resources Services Human Resources Operations Human Resources Technical Services Human Resources Policy Training Attendance EEO- Equal Employment Opportunity Diversity Inclusion Ethics Compliance Payroll Performance Management Talent Management. On December 11, 2015 I had the opportunity to sit down ask a few questions to Rebeca Sanchez our Human Resource partner for the Rocky Mountain Region that covers, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. I was able to interview her because I work with her occasionally with yearly reviews and issues that might arise. Rebecca is very easy to talk to and always has the â€Å"I can help

Assurance and Corporate Governance

Question : Write an essay that explains and critically discusses the development of the wording of the external audit report and the IAASBs latest pronouncements on its further improvement. As a minimum your answer should encompass the following aspects: Perceptions on the purpose of the external audit report. Explanation of how and why the wording in the external audit report has evolved and why further changes have been considered necessary. Explanation and critical appraisal of the IAASBs latest pronouncements, including stakeholder reaction. Justified conclusions and final observations. Answer : Introduction Audit is defines as a going concern, including appropriateness of management and use of accounting and financial statements of the existing organisation (Lienert, 2007). Ongoing concern is referred to a set of activities which are use for the better improvement of the any activities. Auditing is a dynamic view which is changes all time, and this is for the improvement of the organisation business structure, financial statement also. Auditors are followed some rules and regulations and these rules and regulations are maintain by an organisation board. Key elements of Auditing There are two types of Auditing, external Auditing and Internal Auditing. Auditing is required for audits of financial statements of a company (Moeller Brink, 2009). The key audit matters are the judgments of auditors in relations to the companys financial and accounting report whether it is right or not. As internal audit, external audit is also very necessary for the growth of the companys existing and improvement. Internal Audit is not enough for the organisation; internal audit can be manipulated with the influence of the board of director to deceive the external users of the financial statement. On the other hand external audit is carried out to determine the fraudulent or any miss statement carried out by the organization for the given fiscal year. Behind this reason external auditing is very necessary for organisations (Monks Minow, 2011).Auditing is also a technique through which the auditors are justifies the financial statement and finds errors which are included with the existing report. Auditing is also a financial method by which the organisation can improve their current situation. Perceptions of the Purpose of External Audit Report Like as internal audit report External audit report also very important for an organisation to improvement their current position as well as in future also. Because financial statement is affected the companys position (Paquet, 2013). If the financial statements are that is balance sheet, income statements and other financial issued which are related to the organisations .Management of any organisation are responsible of preparing the fair presentations of the consolidation. Management creates some rules and regulations on behalf of the organisation. And these rules and regulations are maintained by the employees as well as the high level mangers and the accountants also. Corporate Governance also establishes some laws, rules and regulations and these are must be obeyed by the auditors. But sometimes, there are few entities that not work properly which means they take some unfair practices (Rogers, 2009). To remove these types of unfair practices, external Audit is very necessary for the organisation. On the other hand, the valuation of financial instrumental structure of whole financial instruments which are related to the organisations itself. These financial instruments are includes companies shareholders, stack holders, account payable, account receivable and also some other things which are related to organisations financial status. Revenue recognition is a concept which is related to the long-term contracts which are short term and long term. The process of revenue measures is the total volume of materials which are formulated within the company (Rolfe, 2006). This amount is called as the Group total revenue. Internal Auditors prepare a statement of group total revenue. Here they include balance sheet of a company, income statements, and cash flows, debited and credited amounts. But sometimes, the internal auditors have not prepared the statement according to the rules, which means they take some unfair practice which are not good for the corporate. For t hese reasons External audit is very necessary for the companys growth (Lienert, 2007). External auditors are following the actual terms and conditions. At first the external auditors are check the audit report which is prepared by the internal auditors whether they take some unfair policies or not (Salinger, 2005). The main motto of the external auditors is to maintain the rules and regulations with the accordance to the IFRS. The main purpose of external audit is to mention the factors which are treated unfair practices, and these activities are not good for the companys growth. Evolution of External Audit and the Reason In the recent context, there have been some numerous changes are made in the standard auditors report (SAR) in order to make some improvements. The process includes the addition of wording and related methods for adhering that in order to clarify the copes of the audit. Also, the respective responsibilities of the management and auditors are being done by considering this particular basis (Scharfman, 2009). The wording related requirements are done in order to keep the audit report right in track by maintaining its pace with the globalized economy (Lienert, 2007). Also it is done by considering the complexity if the financial reporting requirements. The need of wording used in the auditing reports done by the external auditors becomes more essential as those reports were not meeting the standard needs and requirements of the financial statement users. The explanation of the wording and its standards lie on the less use of the technical words and present those such a manner that can facilitate the process of good understanding by the readers (Scott Jacka, 2011). The previous problem raised with the wording was the lack of appearance of common meaning for the users who read the report. This particular problem seems to be especially present in the explanations of the respective responsibilities of management and the auditor as well as the characteristics and scope of audit. The evolution in the wordings used in the external auditing reports can be observed as necessary by considering the following issues and concerns: Lack of fair presentation and failing to establish the true and fair view The lack of materiality and the misstatement of the material Failure to provide the reasonable assurance Avoiding these consequences are considered as the relevant or useful in terms of the external auditing report and. Therefore, in order to deliver the precise understanding to the readers or users of the report is judged as important (Lienert, 2007). These are the main reasons for which the basic evolution and needed amendments have been done. Explanation and Critical Appraisal of the IAASB Procurements including Stakeholder The International Auditing Standards Board (IAASB) is known as the independent body which sets the standards for the auditing report by serving those according to the public interests and provides the assurance to maintain the standards by facilitating the coverage of the national as well as international means (Anhal, 2003). Stakeholder play a vital role in audit and thus help to maintain the overall ethic and code of conduct related to the financial statement. In order to do so, IAASB maintains the entire quality and consistency of practices throughout the overall auditing practices in the world and by the way of the process strengthening the public confidence in terms of global auditing and assurance profession. Therefore, it is quite clear that IAASB uses some guided procurement to make the overall practices consistent (Scharfman, 2009). After critically examining the standards and rules of the IAASB, the fact can be established that the entire procurements are done by considering two ways, such as, focusing on the quality and focusing on the auditors reporting. As part of the quality related concern, the fact is quite an evident that the process of global financial stability is supported by the high-quality reporting (Collings, 2014). An auditors duty is to instil the trust in the auditing report by focusing on the quality. The basic importance is given to the quality related aspect in order make it relevant to the requirements of the various stakeholders involved in the financial reporting supply chain (Lienert, 2007). Keeping in the mind about the various interests of the different stakeholders, IAASB had developed the publication of A Framework for Audit Quality: Key Elements that Create an Environment for Audit Quality in order to secure and maintain the quality facilitated by the way of describing different ele ments in a holistic manner for the different firms or organizations. Thus, the standards of the different contextual factors and relevant interactions are maintained with the accordance to the national or international standards (Scharfman, 2009). On the other hand, IAASB had developed some of the procurements in order to focus on the auditors reporting to make that enhanced and provide more value and meaning for the investors and other stakeholders (Ericson, et al., 2003). According to the belief of IAASB, the interests of investors and other stakeholders of the firm can be achieved and the process can be accelerated by the Auditor Reporting project. The above discussion suggests that the entire IAASB procurements are developed by following the inclusion of the input from the general public. Also, the member bodies of IFAC and Consultative Advisory Group that represents the preparers, regulators, users of financial statements are given the priority on the development (Frase, 2000). Conclusion and Final Observations Out if the above discussion, the several facts regarding the best practices of auditing as well as the identification of several issues are being established. According to the fact acknowledgement, the result generated from the dysfunctional governance mechanisms, different types of corporate governance processes and the ineffective risk assurance can lead to the catastrophic impacts on the entire auditing practices. Therefore in order to maintain the good practices in the overall processes of both external and internal auditing, the organization needs to implement the risk management and control various resources (Lienert, 2007). The particular need of achieving the various goals and objectives of the firm, the directors and managers of the firm should need to work on a together basis. In an addition of integrating the required auditing functions, the risk management protocols and devising the proper corporate strategies are essential in order to improve the entire governance framew ork. This particular instance can provide the faith into the corporate market by the way of meeting the interest levels of the various stakeholders (Scharfman, 2009). Therefore, the suggestion can be delivered by the way of observation that regardless of effective and efficient governance practices, the entire process of assurance and auditing function can face the risk of meeting with the failure due to the uncanny activities of the boards and the management (McCrackan, 2005). It is considered that the risk of loss resulting from the failure process or inadequate functions from the external events, people of the organization or systems can lead to lower the governance environment entangled with conformity and assurance. References Anhal, A. (2003).Engaging the board. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Collings, S. (2014).Frequently Asked Questions in International Standards on Auditing. Hoboken: Wiley. Ericson, R., Doyle, A., Barry, D. (2003).Insurance as governance. Toronto, Ont.: University of Toronto Press. Frase, L. (2000).The curriculum management audit. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. Lienert, I. (2007).British Influence on Commonwealth Budget Systems. Washington: International Monetary Fund. McCrackan, A. (2005).Practical guide to business continuity assurance. Boston: Artech House. Moeller, R., Brink, V. (2009).Brink's modern internal auditing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Monks, R., Minow, N. (2011).Corporate governance, fifth edition. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley Sons. Paquet, C. (2013).Implementing Cisco IOS network security. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA: Cisco Press. Rogers, M. (2009).Financial Operations. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Rolfe, T. (2006).Financial Accounting and Tax Principles. Burlington: Elsevier. Salinger, L. (2005).Encyclopedia of white-collar corporate crime. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Scharfman, J. (2009).Hedge fund operational due diligence. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Scott, P., Jacka, J. (2011).Auditing social media. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Vallabhaneni, S. (2013).Wiley CIA Exam Review 2013, Internal Audit Practice. New York: Wiley. Weirich, T., Churyk, N., Pearson, T. (2012).Accounting auditing research and databases. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

The Untold Story About Research Article That You Must Read or Be Left Out

The Untold Story About Research Article That You Must Read or Be Left Out Research Article - Overview Pick prospective customers whose demand will probably be small and simple to meet. The initial one might be the conventional means of conducting a research that is conducting a research for only filling knowledge gap. Each region of the result section ought to be discussed in a suitable flow and sequence. The methods section gives enough info to permit the study to be replicated. Certain schools have better athletes and programs in a certain sport, though others might not be in a position to field a winning team. No matter your issues are alcohol isn't the answer. Usually teenagers are somewhat more willing to discuss something they want to know more about or something positive that is about them. As an example, research proves that those who dwell in poverty have a tendency to live clustered. The outcomes in addition to the procedure are dependent on several factors. A lthough it isn't possible to stop the physiological aging procedure, the degenerative processes can be delayed and slowed with the aid of physical therapy exercises, particularly if you are in danger of creating annular tearing or degeneration. Research and statistics imply that surgery is almost never indicated for the managing of annular tearing. Various patho-physiological aspects can result in an annular tear. What Is So Fascinating About Research Article? Nevertheless, the secret to a thriving research paper is organization. In a field of study where little or no research was conducted, there might be only a few relevant articles which are a decade or more old. Consumer motivation research is about understanding the most crucial part of a business the customer. WHAT IS A RESEARCH Most people today conduct research for only the degree they are searching for. Top Choices of Research Article The results indicated no substantial interactions. Research questions which try t o describe a phenomenon might be better suited to quantitative strategies, like experiments or surveys. Research methods shouldn't be confused with research methodology, that's the study of research procedures. The qualitative research, for example, is weak due to problems regarding research validity. Rumors, Deception and Research Article Prepare the last draft by title, table of contents and other necessary information to finally get to the conclusion that you want. This chart outlines what you ought to look for in the author credentials. Very often you will discover that while general market information is available there isn't information for a specific town or region. The next step is interpreting the info from the write-up. Describe the advances the guide proposes, and the way the guide may advance the field in general. It's normal for scholarly works to have more than 1 author, because research is frequently a group practice. Sources are important to support and cre ate the idea you've presented. Briefly it should choose the reader through the base of the analysis. Even if you can't locate a specialist in the respective region of your research, you can approach a friend or a colleague or possibly an expert writing assitance businesses to identify the appropriate structure and fashion in your report. Simply speaking, the service exists, so should you want to use it in order to find a top essay, that's reason enough. It's possible to also hunt for writing services to broaden your perspective about the topic. The Tried and True Method for Research Article in Step by Step Detail There are websites where you are able to search and download research papers and journal articles at no cost. Aside from the simple fact that sci-hub links are popular website employed by top researchers and they're likewise some popular websites where you could download articles journals' for free legally. You will be pleased to know that we don't will need to earn any added efforts here in order t o publish our research article in a journal. The very first key point is to search for the proper journal where you're able to print our research article. The Battle Over Research Article and How to Win It The main writing skill that you have to develop is to compose concise without loosing the critical points. For example, if you're a student of marketing and you pick a subject of botany for your dissertation, it will consume a whole lot of time and energy. Consequently, research involves solving an issue and filling knowledge gap at the exact same moment. It's also critical to be aware that research involves getting the info from other print or people, no matter their understanding of the issues, and it isn't of any interest to research whether they are conversant with the issue or not. Employing a writing service is the perfect method to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to make sure the essays you write are hitting each of the crucial points and are at the a ppropriate depth needed for your academic grade. More than only a casual skim, nevertheless, your reading should be in-depth with an eye toward certain elements. Attempt to recall any part of literature that you may have read, perused through or even documentaries that you believe are relevant in assisting you to rate the article review example. An excellent title will pique your interest but typically you aren't going to know until you are finished reading the article in the event the title is an accurate description.

Research Paper Topics on Human Services

Research Paper Topics on Human ServicesWriting a research paper topics on human services does not have to be a difficult task. You can definitely write your own research paper topics that you want to discuss. As long as you have the talent, there is no reason why you cannot compose your own research paper topics. This can be a very important step in your career and will enable you to have the most rewarding career that you desire.At first, you may find it hard to write grant opportunities in human services. You have to know what you are doing as it is a confusing area of study. You have to learn about all aspects of the work place, because this is the basis for you to get grants to spend on the proper needs of the human services sector. Once you learn what you are doing, you can easily write your own research paper topics. As the government provides the free grants, all you have to do is go to your local public library and start researching on these programs.If you go online, you wil l surely see thousands of grant opportunities that are available. Since you already know how to research, you can start looking for these grants online. It is important that you are selective when you look for these grants because the grant is not just given randomly, but requires you to prove your eligibility.It will help you to develop new ideas, which will result in new programs and services. When you are making your research paper topics, you have to make sure that you give a logical explanation to the needs of the human services, so that the government authorities can give you a chance to prove your worth. This will lead to more funds to be allocated to you.There are many sources on the internet where you can get grant opportunities in human services. These sources allow you to get ideas on how to look for grants. You can also put up an application with the agency to ask for a grant.In researching on grant opportunities in human services, you have to be knowledgeable about the work of the government. The research paper topics will have to do with research done by government officials. As you can see, the government is investing in the services, and if you can use these research studies to bring new ideas, you will have more funds to invest in other sectors.By looking at the right career path, you can start making money and will get the support of the government. If you start writing research paper topics on human services, you will be given the support you need to build a successful career.

Make College Essay Writing Easy and Fun

Make College Essay Writing Easy and FunOne of the easiest ways to do college essay writing is by using your favorite textbook, either free or a paperback. If you are not familiar with the material that is taught in a class, then it would be beneficial for you to take the reading over the course of a few days or weeks in order to really get the concepts down, which means you are starting to understand what is being taught.Not all students have access to the exact same resources as others, and some may find it difficult to write a college essay due to time constraints. However, there are plenty of ways you can get help to make sure you get it right.Start with an English course. This will give you a feel for the style of language and how you want to approach your assignments. It would also help you learn what the rules are and what is expected.Having a hand-writing sample to work from is always helpful. Take a blank sheet of paper and write out your essay on it using a different style o f paper. Do this several times to see what your handwriting looks like and if you like it.When looking to get help with an essay for use in an ESL classroom, you will find that the help that is provided by the Ikea Group can be very helpful. Using their resources, you will know what to write about and how you will write. They provide many resources that can be used for college and English studies.The really fun part about writing your own essay is that you are just as much in control as you would be if you were to write it all by yourself. As long as you are clear and succinct, you will do fine. There are no set rules for writing an essay, and you can choose any way you like to write it.If you choose to do so, it would be a good idea to find some free guides for ESL students and write a testable version of it. Use a book or online writing software and edit it until you find a style that works for you.

Learn How to Write a Critical Response Essay

Learn How to Write a Critical Response EssayIt is important to learn about the sample of a critical response essay when you write your own essay. The common mistake people make is that they write out a piece of writing and then hope that it will be accepted as well. However, this can sometimes backfire and you may not be able to write at all.To improve your chances of getting accepted for college, it is vital that you get a copy of a critical response essay. This is when the writing school will assess whether or not you can write and what you have written. The way in which the writing school evaluates your essay is by asking you to complete a short essay to test your skills. The following are some of the things that the writing school will consider when evaluating your work.You can get a sample of a critical response essay by asking your teacher. The writer's classes often come up with worksheets and you can look through these worksheets to get a glimpse of how you can be evaluated. If you are shy or have a tendency to be nervous during the critical writing process, then it would be wise to stay away from this. After all, the reason for getting a college degree is so that you can become successful in the world of business and studies.It is important to know that essays are graded based on the quality of the argument that is made in the essay. The professor is supposed to decide whether or not the argument that is made is good enough. Once the essay is graded, the professor will be able to get a quick assessment of whether or not you have made a great writing piece. It is not recommended to write anything that does not make any sense. This is only going to backfire on you if you are applying for a job in the future.Do not write an essay that is fullof irrelevant information. In most cases, your resume is going to be the one sent out to job agencies. This means that your resume will be used as the basis to help the company find out what kind of person you are, an d they will use this information to determine whether or not you should be hired for a job.It is imperative that you use certain criteria to judge your essay. If you do not have an idea of what is going to be required for your essay, then it is best that you learn about it beforehand. By doing this, you will be able to avoid writing anything that is only going to be dismissed as a bad idea. Many students who do not understand what is going on when they are writing will often rush out to submit an essay before they have actually gotten a chance to learn more about it.There are several essay writers that are willing to give a critical response essay to those who apply for jobs. The common mistake that people make is that they take the first offer that they get from a potential employer. If you want to have a better chance of getting a job, then it is crucial that you keep up with these types of essays so that you do not fall into the trap that a lot of other students do.

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd free essay sample

From the of beginning Posts Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of Pakistan Telephone Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL workings and policies have attracted regular criticism from other smaller operators and the civil society of Pakistan. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. This coincided with the Governments competitive policy, encouraging private sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular, card-operated pay-phones, paging and, lately, data communication services. Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans to privatizePTCL, and in 1994 issued six million vouchers exchangeable into 600 million shares of the would-be PTCL in two separate placements. Each had a par value of Rs. 10 per share. These vouchers were converted into PTCL shares in mid-1996. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however, Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of time. Recent DSL services launched by PTCL reflects this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being directly supervised by PTCL. Mission To achieve our vision by having: An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious Services that are based on the most optimum technology Quality and Time conscious customer service Sustained growth in earnings and profitability Core Values Professional Integrity Teamwork Customer Satisfaction Loyalty to the Company Chapter 2. Products of company Products of Company: List of products or services: 1. PTCL smart tv 2. Phone v net 3. International Calls 4. Local calls 5. Broadband Wireless 6. Easy learning 7. Ip connect 8. Audio conferencing 9. Business DSL 10. Broad band Pakistan 11. VMS 12. Calling Cards 13. PTCL Plus 14. Vfone 15. Evo 3G 16. Evo wingle 9. 3Mbps 17. Evo Moblie 18. Ufone Mobile 19. Ufone Sims Chapter 3. Porter’s Five forces model Five forces looks at five key areas namely threat of new entry, power of buyers, power of suppliers, threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Threat of New Entry †¢ As government of Pakistan is showing liberalism in case oftelecommunication sector and opened its policies to award new licensees to new mobile service providers so threat of new entry is high. †¢ As set-up cost is in billions of dollars so in this case threat of new entry is low, but there are companies who are working to achieve licenses and approaching PTA to know terms and conditions for this. †¢ As for this business companies need a well established distributions and franchises network so threat of new entrant is high in this case. Bargaining Power of Buyers †¢ Power of buyer is high in telecommunication sector. There are six market players and players are offering different packages at different prices and a situation of price war is running. Buyers have a power to buy any package which is suited to them. †¢ Cost of switching from one company package to other company package is low. Hence, power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers †¢ The power of suppliers is low in case of telecommunication sector. †¢ But the fact is that numbers of suppliers are few in the market but they are competing in the market to make agreements with mobile service providers. Threat of Substitute Products †¢ Government also gave so many land lines and wireless local loop licenses to different companies like PTCL wireless local loop, GO CDMA etc. these services in future will be like mobile phone services like they are planning to offer services a lot but currently they are offering SMS and CLI services to their customers. Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry †¢ Currently there are six market players but in future they will be eight and nine oe even more. †¢ Thuraya satellite service is offering subscribers freedom of mobility and uninterrupted service. Thurayas satellite technology supplements of existing mobile service providers, overcoming the challenges of large geographical areas and insurmountable terrain. but will also generate new revenue streams for future growth. Thecompany also continued to invest in infrastructure development andaddition of network capacity with a view to enhance services and toexpand its reach across the country. SWOT ANALYSISStrengths Largest operational network and infrastructure within ICT(Information Communication Technologies) segment. .An integrated Monopoly. Market leadership in Local loop, Wireless local loop (WLL) andfixed telephony. PTCL (Ufone) is market challenger in GSM segment. Ufone is performing well though Warid and Telenor are toughcompetitors. PTCL, Ufone’s profitability increased by 49. 2percent to Rs 977 million in 1H/FY07 as compared to Rs 655million in the corresponding period last. Competitors still depend on PTCL network either directly orindirectly. Experienced Telecom Resources. Weakness Not been able to nurture its growth around customerservices oriented strategy. Not been able to nurture its growth around customerservices oriented strategy. Monopolistic culture has further added to its complexities. Paknet, the internet service provider arm of PTCL continuesto incur losses due to poor management and lack of network optimization. PTCL-V, the fixed wireless phone service is poor. Over employment low productivity. Slow decision making including external interferences. Corporate culture akin to government departments Chaper. 5. PEST Analyis A PEST analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all firms. P. E. S. T. is an abbreviation for the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro-environment. Such external factors usually are beyond the firms control and sometimes present themselves as threats. For this reason, some say that PEST is an appropriate term for these factors. Many macro-environmental factors are country-specific and a PEST analysis will need to be performed for all countries of interest. The following are examples of some of the factors that might be considered in a PEST analysis. ? Political ? Economic ? Social ? Technological 1. Political Analysis:- Political factors are those which are directly controlled by the political parties and Government they could be able to influence directly in any situation or in any industry. So they create a major impact on any industry. †¢ Factors that Creating Threats: Political instability: In Pakistan Political environment are not stable that is the major threat for telecommunication industry because no one knows at what time Government will change and with the change of government policies will also change. Risk of martial law: In Pakistan Risk of martial Law is always threat for all the industries and in the dictatorship they could not be able to explore themselves and do not grow as they could be. Terrorism: Terrorism is the Major problem that is facing Pakistan in now a days that is the most crucial factor that is hurdle in the growing in the telecommunication sector because no one knows about the terrorist activities. Pricing regulations: In Pakistan government dictates the pricing regulations so that influence the smooth working of the telecommunication industry. Rapid change in Regulations: In Pakistan Government is changing the policies very rapidly so that creates instability. †¢ Factors Creating Opportunities: Industrial safety regulations: Now the government of Pakistan is trying to give the maximum Protection to this sector and passing number of Laws to make it more safe and stable. Development of PTA: Government of Pakistan had developed Pakistan telecommunication Authority (PTA) so that helps in the establishing Business in Pakistan in more efficient manner. Investor Friendly Environment: Government is trying to provide investor friendly environment to give the more benefit to the investors and give them maximum safety. 2. Economic Analysis:- Economic factors are directly controlled and influenced by the financial institutions like State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). So they help the industry in giving economic soundness and provide financial aids to survive in the time of crises. †¢ Factors that Creating Threats: Economic Conditions influenced by Government: In Pakistan Although an proper Institution for telecommunication sector working (PTA) but Government is influencing the working of that department and imposing the policies made by politicians. Overall economic conditions are not very sound: Over all economic conditions are not very good for any industry because rate of inflation is increasing day by day and value of currency is going down which causing increase in the value of loan payable that is another major threat for telecommunication industry. Efficiency of financial market is not so Good: In Pakistan all the financial institutions are controlled by government rather then the head of financial Institution State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). Rate of interest is increasing day by day it is approximately 21% which is higher then any country in the world so it makes impossible for the telecommunication industry to take loan facility. Country risk of Pakistan goes to 3: Risk rate of economy of Pakistan goes to 3 out of 5 that is the alarming situation for the Pakistan as well as all the industries of Pakistan. Currently government has increased the taxes : Currently government has increased the taxes on the telecommunication sector so that reduces the income of the telecommunication sector some of the examples of that are given below etc ? Pre-paid customers were charged 10 per cent withholding tax on every new load, which was deducted in advance ? With 15 per cent sales tax on every call increased the sales tax from 15 per cent to 21 percent for mobile users. †¢ Factors Creating Opportunities: Foreign Direct Investment: During 2010 telecommunication sector attracted US $ 142. 7 million FDI which was 26. 4% of the total FDI in the country during this period. So government is trying to give maximum benefit to the telecommunication industry. Lowest Labor Rates in the world: During the quarter ending December 2009, telecom sector Labor Cost of Pakistan is very Low as Compared to other Countries so that is also an opportunity for the Telecommunication sector. Fastest Growing Industry in the Pakistan: Telecommunication industry is the fastest growing industry in the Pakistan that shows that investment is quite comfortable in telecommunication sector. 3. Social Analysis:- Social analysis is directly attached with the people and with the culture in which they are working if they try to dictate the social factors that create the threats to that industry and if they work with in the social norms then social factors become the key to success. †¢ Factors that Creating Opportunities: The Pakistani people are more social: Pakistani people are more social so they have family system and they want to remain in contact with other through any means so that is the opportunity for telecommunication sector to capture the feelings of the people. Celebrate lot of festivals like: Pakistani people celebrate a lot of festivals on that occasion they try to make contact to their all family members and other at any cost these occasions are Jashn-e-Baharan, Eid Celebrations and other cultural festivals. They create the lot of opportunities for telecommunication industry so they make calls to their relatives particularly on that festivals. Population is increasing Rapidly: The total population of Pakistan is approximately 169,248,500. The population is increasing rapidly which increase the number of cellular usage and help in projecting high profits. †¢ Factors Creating Threats: Un educated People: Low Educated people could not be able to understand the language of telecommunication (ZEM 1. O, ZEM 2. O etc). That create misunderstanding and create threat about the particular package. Corruption: Corruption is the major threat for any industry in the Pakistan that is because people are unaware and un educated but now these telecommunication companies are working on that like†¦. ? AJ NAE BOLO GY TO KAL BUGHTOO GY {Khamoshi Ka Boycott} (Djuice) ? KRO MUMKIN (Telenor) These are all campaign to educate people and develop the positive behavior in that social culture. Destroying Cultural norms: Although these companies are bringing positive change in the society but also destroying the social culture and providing the negative attitude to the young generation of the country by providing late night services that is affecting the education of the young generation. 4. Technological Analysis:- Technology is the most known word in the modern world so any advancement in the technology affects the industry if industry settles them accordingly then it opens lot of doors of success and achievement if they do not respond toward the advancement then that particular company goes into the darkness. †¢ Factors Creating Opportunities: Technology is changing the attitudes and behavior: Telecommunication technology id changing the behavior of the people and providing them opportunities to get the bright future. Impact on cost structure: Due to latest technology the cost of telecommunication industry is decreasing and they are giving lowest rates to the peoples to remain in contact with relatives and with heir family. Introduction Of CDMA technology: Introduction of CDMA (CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. )Technology in the mobile Sims is also creating the Opportunities for the telecommunication industry. This technology gives less radiation then GSM technology. 3G mobile technology: The latest technology of 3G mobile communications has been earmarked and PTA will soon be inviting applications for 3G spectrum auction. This technology will increase operating capacity and revenues by using HSPA technology. †¢ Factors Creating Threats: Focus on increasing the Coverage: The current focus of the telecommunication industry is on increasing the coverage rather then up gradation of the systems they should up grade the systems to meet the requirement of the modern world. Conclusion: The number of macro-environmental factors is virtually unlimited. In practice, the firm must monitor those factors that influence its industry. Even so, it may be difficult to forecast future trends with an acceptable level of accuracy. In this regard, the firm may turn to scenario planning techniques to deal with high levels of uncertainty in important macro-environmental variables